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Penetration Testing Guide for OAuth Integrations

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Scope of Testing

• The initiation of the OAuth flow (redirect to Mubarokah ID).
• The callback endpoint (redirect_uri) that handles the authorization code and state.
• The exchange of the authorization code for tokens.
• Storage and handling of access tokens and refresh tokens.
• API calls made to Mubarokah ID resource servers using access tokens.
• Session management related to the authenticated state.
• Logout functionality and token invalidation (if applicable).

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Security Testing Checklist

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OAuth Flow Manipulation

• CSRF on Redirect URI: Attempt to forge requests to the callback endpoint without a valid state parameter or with a mismatched state. Verify that the application rejects these requests.
• Authorization Code Interception and Replay:
  • Test if authorization codes can be intercepted (e.g., via referrer headers if redirects are not handled carefully, or via browser history).
  • Attempt to replay a used authorization code. It should be rejected.
  • Test the lifetime of the authorization code; it should be short.
• Redirect URI Manipulation (Open Redirector):
  • Attempt to manipulate the redirect_uri parameter sent to Mubarokah ID to redirect users to a malicious site.
  • Test if your application, after login, has any open redirect vulnerabilities that could be chained.
• PKCE Downgrade Attack (for Public Clients): If using PKCE, ensure the server correctly requires the code_verifier if a code_challenge was presented. Test by omitting the code_verifier.
• Scope Escalation/Injection: Attempt to request unauthorized scopes or manipulate the scope parameter. Verify that only allowed and user-consented scopes are granted.
• State Parameter Weakness: Ensure the state parameter is unguessable and sufficiently long.

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Token Handling and Storage

• Token Leakage:
  • Check for tokens in browser history, logs (client and server-side), URLs (access tokens should not be in URLs), or via insecure transmission (non-HTTPS).
  • Investigate XSS vulnerabilities in your application that could lead to token theft from browser storage (localStorage, sessionStorage).
• Insecure Token Storage:
  • If tokens are stored in cookies, verify HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite attributes are correctly set.
  • If using web storage, assess XSS risk.
  • For mobile, verify use of Keychain/Keystore.
• Session Management: Test for session fixation, session hijacking, and proper session invalidation on logout.

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Client-Side Security

• Client Secret Exposure (for Confidential Clients): Ensure the client_secret is not exposed in client-side code (JavaScript, mobile app binaries).
• XSS Vulnerabilities: Thoroughly test your application for XSS, especially on pages that handle or display data received from Mubarokah ID (e.g., user profile information).
• Input Validation: Test all inputs related to the OAuth flow (e.g., query parameters on callback) for common vulnerabilities like injection, path traversal, etc.

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API Interaction

• Improper Error Handling: Check how your application handles error responses from Mubarokah ID (e.g., token errors, API errors). Ensure it doesn’t leak sensitive information.
• Information Disclosure: Ensure that error messages or debugging information do not inadvertently reveal sensitive details about the system or tokens.

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Example Test Scenarios (Conceptual Bash Script)

#!/bin/bash
# Conceptual OAuth Security Testing Snippets for Mubarokah ID Integration

# --- Configuration (Replace with your actual values) ---
MUBAROKAH_AUTH_URL="https://accounts.mubarokah.com/oauth/authorize"
MUBAROKAH_TOKEN_URL="https://accounts.mubarokah.com/oauth/token"
CLIENT_ID="your_client_id"
# CLIENT_SECRET="your_client_secret" # Should not be used directly in scripts like this for actual tests if possible
REDIRECT_URI="https://yourapp.com/auth/mubarokah/callback"
# TEST_USER_AGENT="Mozilla/5.0 (SecurityTest)"

echo "🔍 Starting Mubarokah ID Integration Security Tests (Conceptual)..."

# --- Test 1: HTTPS Enforcement (Server-Side) ---
# This should be checked by ensuring Mubarokah ID endpoints only respond on HTTPS.
# Your client should also always use HTTPS.

# --- Test 2: CSRF Protection - Missing State (Illustrative) ---
# This test would involve manually crafting a callback URL without a state
# or with an incorrect state and observing if your application rejects it.
# This is hard to automate simply with cURL without session interaction.
# echo "Testing CSRF: Attempting callback with no state..."
# curl -s -L -I "${REDIRECT_URI}?code=fakecode" # Expect redirect or error from your app

# --- Test 3: Open Redirector on Client (Basic Check) ---
# Check if your application's login/logout or other redirects can be manipulated.
# echo "Testing for Open Redirect on client post-login (example):"
# curl -s -L -I "https://yourapp.com/some_redirect_handler?target=http://evil.com"

# --- Test 4: Client Secret Exposure (Manual Check) ---
# Manually inspect client-side code (JS files, HTML source) for the client_secret.
# Decompile mobile apps to check for hardcoded secrets.
echo "Manual Check: Ensure CLIENT_SECRET is NOT in client-side code or mobile app."

# --- Test 5: Input Validation on Callback (Conceptual) ---
# Test your callback with malformed parameters.
# echo "Testing Input Validation: Malformed code"
# curl -s -L "${REDIRECT_URI}?code=<script>alert(1)</script>&state=fakestate"
# echo "Testing Input Validation: Malformed state"
# curl -s -L "${REDIRECT_URI}?code=fakecode&state=<script>alert(1)</script>"

# --- Test 6: Rate Limiting (Conceptual - against Mubarokah ID) ---
# Mubarokah ID should have its own rate limiting.
# This is more about how your app handles rate limit errors from Mubarokah ID.
# echo "Conceptual Rate Limit Check (observe Mubarokah ID response):"
# for i in {1..30}; do
#   curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" "${MUBAROKAH_AUTH_URL}?client_id=${CLIENT_ID}&response_type=code&redirect_uri=${REDIRECT_URI}&state=ratelimit${i}" &
# done
# wait

echo "🔍 Conceptual Security testing snippets completed."
echo "⚠️ Remember: This is not exhaustive. Use dedicated security tools and methodologies."

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Tools for Penetration Testing

• Intercepting Proxies: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite.
• Web Vulnerability Scanners: Nessus, Acunetix, Nikto (use responsibly and with permission).
• Browser Developer Tools: For inspecting requests, responses, cookies, and storage.
• Mobile Security Framework (MobSF): For mobile application analysis.
• Custom Scripts: Python with libraries like requests and httpx can be useful for crafting specific test cases.

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Reporting

• Vulnerability description.
• Steps to reproduce.
• Potential impact.
• Recommendations for remediation.